Interaction, Not Substitution

This discussion of the history of changes in our language, and in specific Christian uses of language, has brought us to a point where a redefinition of metaphor is in order. In place of the long-standing Aristotelian view of metaphor as substitution, as a process in which poetic words “stand in’ for literal ones, we could perhaps say that the metaphorical process is one of interaction. When we use a metaphor, we say that one thing is another. We take a word from its conventional context and apply it to a new situation.

From Literature Through the Eyes of Faith

In the quotation above, Roger Lundin and Susan Gallagher present a new way of understanding metaphor. Since this site’s title–Education is Discipleship–is a metaphor, it’s worth thinking about how those two words interact.

The current connotations of discipleship and education are spiritual and secular respectively. The interaction between the two stresses the similarities between the two enterprises, that both discipleship and education produce growth through the act of learning. For Christ’s followers, the language of education–of students and teachers, disciples and rabbis–was the easiest way to understand the Messiah’s work. The great commission contains the word that means “teach” and commands us to go create more students.

A great deal of money and research over the past three decades has been spent figuring out we learn best. All of this material should be grist for our discipleship mill. No, education will never fully encompass the work of discipleship, but noticing the interaction between the two is a way of both understanding what Christ has called us to do and discovering new ways of learning more about him and the world.

Interpretive Paradigms


The understanding we acquire through reading of literature can help us make sense of human actions, just as an understanding of human behavior is essential for a deep appreciation of literature.

From Literature Through the Eyes of Faith

In the quotation above, Roger Lundin and Susan Gallagher make the point that interpretation is fundamental to human life. God made a meaningful, significant universe so our lives, not just our experiences with books, are sense-making endeavors.

We call a coherent interpretive framework a PARADIGM or MODEL, and as I teach my intro to literature course this spring, I will be asking the questions below. Each pertains not just to reality but to the fictional worlds we read.

  1. What is the most fundamental reality in the world?
  2. How do human beings fit into that reality? 
  3. What are the most important rules of that reality?
  4. What are the consequences of following or breaking those rules?
  5. What kind of future does the world hold?
Continue reading “Interpretive Paradigms”

Do You Love Reading?

If someone were to ask me if I love reading, the short answer would be yes.

The longer answer would be yes, if…

  • I get to discuss what I’m reading with a friend
  • I can listen to what I’m reading
  • The book makes me do better work
  • The book makes me laugh
  • I leave the experience with more joy

The books I love most come with stories about how I read them, not just what they were about.

Continue reading “Do You Love Reading?”

Reader Types: The Professional and The Status Seeker

As I continue to think about kinds of reading and readers, I turned to C.S. Lewis’s An Experiment in Criticism today. The book’s entire premise is that it’s easier to talk about differences among kinds of readers instead of kinds of books.

In the book’s second chapter, Lewis makes clear that people who love reading (“the few”) are not morally superior to those who do not love reading (“the many”). He also makes clear that not everyone who seems to be part of “the few” is really in that number. We have the professional and the status seeker to deal with.

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Signs

Matthew 16:3 “You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but you cannot interpret the signs of the times.”

The Pharisees indicted in the passage above have two interpretive problems: scope and application.

First, their scope is limited. They can interpret things well as far as weather goes, but they get caught up in the clouds and can’t think of anything more than if they will get caught in the rain this afternoon. Ultimately, the weather is less important than their soul.

Second, they fail to apply their interpretations. They think of themselves as pragmatic but in hurrying to apply a small reading they miss the broader application of the interpretive principles they’ve used. If you’ve got a high-powered laser, it seems a shame to use it to engrave your name on a penny.

In this way, their problems of scope and application are connected.

This is convicting. I already spend an inordinate time reading and writing, and it feels like a lot of the time when I’m not reading and writing, I’m thinking about how to get more time to read and write.

So, in this verse I hear Christ tell me:

“You know how to interpret Henry James’s The Portrait of a Lady, but you cannot interpret the needs of your own wife and child.

“You know how to interpret what the literary analysis paper from your student in a 9am literature class needs, but you cannot interpret the clear command to pray without ceasing.

“You know how to interpret the theme of addiction as worship in post-modern literature, but you cannot interpret your own restless heart.” 

God, have mercy on me a sinner.

Games

This week, I’ve been thinking about education as a long game enterprises, but I realized this morning I’ve thought very little about literal games inside my classroom. This is primarily because I hate games. I despise them. I would never want to sit through them as a student, and I certainly wasn’t going to inflict them on my students.

But this is selfish.

My students aren’t me. My students don’t relate to the books they read like I did. This is not a bad thing. It’s a basic awareness that what works or doesn’t work for me should not exhaust my teaching repertoire. 

Games might in fact be a long-game strategy. 

The Long Game, Continued

“The kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field. When a man found it, he hid it again, and then in his joy went and sold all he had and bought that field.” – Matthew 13:44

“The excellence of the heavenly life is not perceived, indeed, by the sense of the flesh; and yet we do not esteem it according to its real worth, unless we are prepared to deny, on account of it, all that glitters in our eyes.” – John Calvin’s Commentary on Matthew 13:44

I worry about not being able to help the students I teach who most need my help, that I’m a physician who helps wealthy people get into better shape but can’t really aid the direfully ill in their need.

This anxiety reveals that playing the short game, one that’s built on the idea that every subsequent semester will always be like this one; that if I can’t see results now, nothing substantive has happened; and that I know what I’m looking for in the first place.

The parable Christ tells typifies the long game approach, a total commitment to what eternally matters most.

I pray for kingdom eyes to see and the spirit-filled stamina required to play this long game.

Plagiarism and Self-Deception

As I finish up my grading this semester, I’ve spotted more than my fair share of plagiarism. It’s disheartening, not just because it involves deceit but because it makes a mockery of the golden rule. This is true not just because plagiarism represents a failure to love one’s neighbor but because it shows a person unwilling to love yourself. Namely, plagiarists lie to themselves as much as they do others. It is bad enough to be deceived by someone else. The road to self-deception is a dark one indeed.

I pray for the ability to see myself truly: through the eyes of God and my neighbors. One way to do this is to cultivate humility by acknowledging my own indebtedness to the thoughts and feelings and others and consistently thanking God for what I’ve learned.

 

Prayed Over

This afternoon, a colleague took me to The Potter’s Place, a kind of prayer resort near our campus that gives disciples an “environment of quiet solitude where those who come can seek God.”

My colleague described the place as “prayed over” and just from my 45 minutes there with him today, I felt clarity and the ability to articulate some deep concerns in my own family and personal life.

Right now, my colleague is separated from his wife and children who are in Canada as they try to get proper visas for the US. This weekend, he said, he had finally put together and prayed over the beds his daughters will sleep in when they arrive.

The story cut me to the quick. This weekend, I was inside our new, still-under-construction home, and it never occurred to me to pray. As I continued to reflect on the semester, I had to admit that while my classroom was prayed in I couldn’t honestly call it prayed over. I’ve prayed for a place as a kind of metonymy for the people in it, but only as an abstraction.

So this evening, I prayed: “God, thank you for the spaces you’ve provided me to pray and share and serve. I commend to your continual care the home we are renting, the home plan to live in, as well as the office and classrooms I teach in. Remove any impediment in these places that would hinder your spirit’s work. Grant the family and students and neighbors and strangers who come into these spaces to know your love. Fill each of these spaces with your presence, and grant me a servant’s heart so that I may love you and others there.”